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All of the 12 tribes of Israel in time became slaves in Egypt.

Exodus 1:11

11 Therefore they did set over them taskmasters to afflict them with their burdens.

Then God used Moses to lead the children of Israel out of Egypt.

Exodus 3:7

7 And the LORD said, I have surely seen the affliction of my people which are in Egypt, and have heard their cry by reason of their taskmasters; for I know their sorrows;
8 And I am come out of the hand of the Egyptians, and to bring them up out of that land to a good land, unto a land flowing with milk and honey.

Upon leading them out of slavery in Egypt, God gave the Israelites the Torah, or His written and oral instructions on how they should live their lives. (Exodus 20)

In time they settled in the land that God had promised them, and they became a kingdom.

King Solomon was the last king to reign over the entire Israelite people. Because King Solomon did not follow God in his old age, and built holy places for the foreign gods of his many wives, God told Solomon that he would lose the kingdom.

1 Kings 11:11

11 Wherefore the LORD said to Solomon, For as much as this is done of you, and you have not kept my covenant and my statutes, which I have commanded you, I will surely rend the kingdom from you, and will give it to your servant.

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